فوق لیسانس مترجمی زبان انگلیسی

Never mind that karate actor Steven Seagal has chopped, kicked and hauled his way through such action films as Marked for Death, Hard to Kill and Under Siege, and that he has married three times. Underneath his brawny menace, Seagal is one spiritual guy.

Tibetans are grateful that Hollywood is drawing attention to their plight _ tow feature films on the Dalai Lama's escape from the Chinese into exile are due out soon _ but the Seagal case has perturbed many. Recent Tibetan visit to his California home recounted their horror at seeing him dressed in Lama's vestments along with blue jeans.

Time is like a river made up of the things which happen and its current is strong   no sooner does anything appear than it is carried away and another comes in its place and will be carried away too

TIME IS A GREAT TEACHER BUT THIS RUTHLESS TEACHER KILLS ALL HIS STUDENTS

1. She overstayed her visa and failed to leave after an asylum request was denied.

2. Immigration increases unemployment in most E.U. countries, the rate of unemployment

among immigrants is higher than that among native workforce.

3. Governments need to realise that more border controls and  tougher visa  requirements

can have the perverse consequence of encouraging illegal  immigration.

4. Currently, the E.U.  takes in  about 5% of the world's  refugee population,  according to

the UNHCR.

5. Europe's  challenge is  integrating its  existing minorities, even  if politicians  prefer to

concentrate on  the more dramatic business of stopping new ones from coming in.

_______________________

1.They will never stop trying to get their hands on those weapons.

2.saddam also appeared to have held on to a few delivery vehicles.

3.During the 1998 U.S.-British air strikes, analysts caught a glimpse of unmanned planes

hidden in a bombed Iraqi hangar.

4.Key questions about Iraqi's unseen war machine focus on so-called dual-use purchases:

fermenters that can brew beer or biological agents, sprayers that can spray crops or chemical

toxins, machines that can mold tools or missile parts.

5.Our troops are zeroing in on  enemy's positions.

_____________________________

1.They tested the explosives in rural Connecticut, and investigators reportedly video-taped some

of the suspects buying fertilizer pellets at a hardware store.

2.Making a bomb! anyone can do it. All you need is a certain amount of nitrate fertilizer, a certain

amount of fuel oil and a blasting cap.

3.The raid was so sudden that some of the suspects were unaware of the agent's presence until

 the handcuffs clicked around their wrist.

4.The bomb squad carted off three blue and yellow, 55-gallon drums and two smaller   barrels 

 filled with lethal mixture.

5.A senior FBI official predicted there would be no solid proof of the man's direct involvement

 in the new case, just as there had been no proof of his complicity in the last terrorist raids.

__________________________

1.The firefighters got lost in the maze of dark corridors.

2.The last people to handle the bodies were the forensic pathologists at the Medical Examiner's

Office ,who were responsible for identifying the victims and issuing death certificates.

3. They ignored other countries' disapproval of their abuse of NPT and it landed them in deep

waters.

4. A celebratory bash is planned for next year to mark the 300^th anniversary of his birth.

5. There are frequent power blackouts, and many of the city's factories now work only three days

a week.

____________________________________________

1.Tobacco is the leading non-food agricultural crop in the world and is grown in over 100

countries.

2.Tobbaco also plays an important role in stopping the drift of rural people  to the cities

because it has shown long-term price stability and a return per hectare well ahead of almost

all other cash crops.

3.The cost of providing health care to smokers is more important than the damage done to

non-smokers by second hand smoke.

4.Most smokers don't match their words with action. They don't quit smoking.

5.Children under 12 can easily buy cigarettes from curbside stalls in Manila.

_________________________________

1. The company hopes that portion will be spread evenly between four or five groups, but if

one group can bag the lions share, it could hurt others much more.

2. Even the new government, the biggest non-sovereign borrower in the international capital

 markets, has taken an axe to public spending.

3.The frustration of faking to close a deal had finally taken its toll on him.

4. The Swiss banking industry is trying to improve its image. but it still want to keep mum

 about accounts held by European Union residents.

5. Switzerland has introduced a raft of legislation designed to clean up its status as financial

 haven, including anti-money-laundering laws.

__________________________________

1. Adopting such economical policies will change our country into a banana republic.

2. It looked at times like a shotgun wedding, the bride's side and the groom's side, some there against their will.

3. Several cases have been reported of adoptive parents who had battered their adoptive children. 

4. Whether it's bus passes, cinema tickets, or an impulse purchase, paying with prepaid cards is fast, simple, and secure.

5. Cutting spending holds little appeal to the likes of Yoshiro Mori, the prime minister, who

is a firm  believer in traditional   pork-barrel politics.

_________________________________-

1.The economic downturn has intensified the city's position as hot bed of

opposition to government.

2.Last week the Senate put the final touches on a $1.3 billion aid package, largely for toughening up Colombia's anti-drug forces.

3.In the 1930's, Josef Stalin cast his eyes on the Karelian Peninsula's idyllic swath of pine trees, lakes, and glacial rocks.

4. British Telecom feels like a piggy-in-the-middle.

5.In a similar vein, the arrest of the ringleader, may reveal a weakness in the terrorists organization.

___________________________

1. He has been sued several times- for bouncing checks and for unpaid bills- and has been

slapped with numerous tax liens.

2. I have faith in change when changing means doing away with evil.

3. They believe in separation of church and state in western countries.

1. the language variety of a speech community closest to the standard or prestige form of a language

a. acrophobia                                       b. acronym

c. acrolect                                            d. acropolis

2.ascribing human characteristics to nonhuman things

a. anthropoid                                        b. anthropomorphic

c. philanthropic                                     d. anthropological

3. land management for the simultaneous production of food, crops and trees

a. agro-industrial                                  b. agronomy

c. agroforestry                                      d. agriculture

4. saltwater aquarium for displaying marine animals and plants. It serves as a centre for public entertainment and education and scientific study.

a. oceanarium                                       b. planetarium

c. bathysphere                                      d. bathyscaphe

5. Fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides are

a. heterogeneous                                  b. agrochemicals

c. agro-industry                                     d. heterodox               

write the number of the prefix, suffix or stem in column 2 before each word or phrase  in column 1

1                                                                                                              2                                                             

…….a. thing or place relating to                                                       1.-cade

…….b. mankind                                                                                   2.agro

…….c. beginning, end , tip                                                                3.amph-

…….d. of the heart                                                                              4.-arium

…….e. deep sea                                                                                 5.-athon

…….f. farming                                                                                      6.-centric

…….g. having a center or centers                                                    7.cardi-

…….h. procession                                                                              8.bathy-

…….i. of both sides                                                                            9.anthro

…….j. activity lasting a long time                                                      10.acro-

Fill the blank with appropriate word.

motorcade        acronym       bathysphere        heliocentric          cardiac                 

polycentric       bathyal         Amphibian            anthropoid           oceanarium 

1.John Fitzgerald Kennedy 35th president of the United States (1961–63)  was assassinated while riding in a …………….in Dallas.

2.Cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point (e.g., of the solar system or of the universe) while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it is called ………….system.

3. Living in a …….. metropolitan sprawl is not like what you have experienced in your small town.

4. 1.In human physiology, volume of blood expelled by either ventricle of the heart is called ……….. output.

5. Deep in the ocean currents are exceedingly slow, and in many areas …………waters deeper than 1,000 m (3,280 feet) are essentially stagnant, resulting in low oxygen concentrations.

6. frogs and toads and salamanders are ……….

7. As their name implies, the …………apes are manlike in their anatomic structure.

8. Through these dives, the ……………proved its qualities but also revealed weaknesses.

9.Many tourists from all over the world will come to this ……….. to see these sharks.

10. The word UNESCO is an ………

1. a person who works for a company in return for money

a. expellee                                      b. absentee

c. employee                                    d. patentee

2. to say, declare or indicate in advance

a. verdict                                        b. predict

c. interdict                                      d. prohibit

3. one to whom money is paid

a. payee                                         b. grantee

c. oppressor                                   d. tyrant

4. to change from a course of action or from what is normal or usual

a. depreciate                                  b. inhibit

c. deviate                                       d. enjoin

5. to reduce sb to a lower rank

a. dismiss                                       b. disapprove

c. demote                                       d. languish

odd one out

A.

1. worsen                                         2. deteriorate

3. deviate                                         4. descend                                                                                

B.

1.wreck                                            2.decline

3. demolish                                      4. ruin

C.

1.tyrant                                            2. dictator

3. despot                                         4.outlaw

D

1. ban                                              2. prohibit

3. verdict                                         4. interdict

E.

1. interpose                                     2. temporary

3. interim                                         4. pro tempore

write the number of the prefix, suffix or stem in column 1 before each word or phrase  in column 2

1                                                                                                              2                                                                                             

-----star                                                                                                  1.-ee

-----person that performs                                                                   2.-gate

-----political scandal                                                                            3.tempor

-----church                                                                                             4.aster-

-----time                                                                                                 5.de-

-----race                                                                                                 6.ethno-

aster      contemporary      refugees      ecclesial      escapee

deciduous      dictator      expellees      demented      ethnic

1. The prison security team started the search for the ……...

2. ……… is a garden plant with pink, purple or white flowers.

3. The neighboring country refused to let ……….  to pass the border.

4.   Oaks, beeches, birches, chestnuts, aspens, elms, maples, and basswoods (or lindens) are the dominant trees in mid-latitude ………… forests.

5. Many ………… scientists disregarded his thought.

6.  After World War II Germany received more than 12 million refugees and ………… from former German territory .

7. Each ………... community has preserved its respective language.

8. The priest could feel the burden of ……….. responsibility on his shoulder.

9. The ………… man's behavior frightened all the people in the aeroplane.

10. He was not democratic. he was a …………                                      

quadr-: four or fourth               

                             quadrilateral: having for sides

                             quadric: used were there are more than two variables

                             quadrumanous: of , or relating to, or being the primates excluding humans which are

                                             distinguished by hand shaped feet

                             quadricentenial: a 400^th anniversary or its celebration

                             quadruple: a sum four times as great as another 

quasi- : 1.partly, almost

                             quasi-official

              2. that appears to be sth but is not really so

                             quasi-scientific

radi-, radio- : 1.radiation

                             radioactive: of, caused by, or exhibiting radioactivity

                             radiopaque: being opaque to various forms of radiation

                       2.radioactive

                             radioelement: a radioactive element

                       3.X-ray   

                             radiotherapy: the treatment of disease with radiation

re-: 1. again, anew 2. back, backward

                             redo: to do over or again

                             recontamination: to contaminate again

                             reenroll: to enroll again

                             reevaluation:  to evaluate again

retro-: 1. backward, back

                             retro-rocket: an auxiliary rocket engine used in decelerating

                             retroactive: taking effect from a past date

                             retrospect: looking back on a past event or situation

                             retrograde: getting worth

                             retroflex: turned or bent abruptly backward

                             retrofire: to become ignited

scribe , script : write

                                conscript: to enroll into service by compulsion; draft

                                inscribe: 1.to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record 2. to enter on a list : enroll

                                prescribe: to lay down a rule : dictate

se- : apart

secede: to withdraw from an organization

secession:1. withdrawal into privacy or solitude : retirement 2. formal withdrawal from an

                                             organization

seclude: to remove or separate from intercourse or outside influence : isolate

secure: to relieve from exposure to danger

sedition: incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful authority

segregate: to separate or set apart from others or from the general mass : isolate

-self: (by) oneself or itself

                              self-absorbed: absorbed in one's own thoughts, activities, or interests

                              self-propelled: mounted on or fired from a moving vehicle

                              self-addressed: addressed for return to the sender

                              self-fertile:  fertile by means of its own pollen or sperm

semi- : half, partly

semiannual: twice a year

semicircle: a half of a circle

semiconscious:  incompletely conscious

semidetached: forming one of a pair of residence joined into one building by common 

                                             sidewall

semiskilled: having or requiring less training than skilled labor and more than unskilled

                 labor

sept-: seven

                             septuagenarian: a person whose age is in the seventies

sequ , secut : follow

                                sequence: a continuous or connected series; alternation, chain, consecution, order,

                                             progression, row, sequel, series, train

                                sequel: : consequence, result

                                sequential: of, relating to, or arranged in a sequence : serial  

sesqui- : one and half times

                              sesquicentennial: a 150^th anniversary

sex- : six

                             sexagenarian: a person whose age is in the sixties

simil , simul : similar , like , same

                                assimilate:1. a. to take in and appropriate as nourishment b. to take into the mind and

                                             thoroughly comprehend 2. to make similar 3. compare, liken

                                simultaneous: existing or occurring at the same time : exactly coincident

                                simulate: to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the intent to deceive:

                                             imitate

socio : of society, social

                                 sociocultural: of, relating to, or involving a combination of social and cultural

                                                 factors                                        

solv , solu , solut : loosen                                   

                                absolute: flawless, fleckless, impeccable, indefectible, note-perfect, unflawed

                                dissolution: the act or process of dissolving

                                resolution: 1.determination 2. a firm decision to do or not to do sth 3.  formal statement of

                                             opinion agreed on by a committee or assembly, esp. by  means of a vote 4. the

                                            action of solving or settling problems

                                soluble:1. susceptible of being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially

                                             water 2. subject to being solved or explained

                                solvent: 1. able to pay all legal debts 2. that dissolves or can dissolve

soph : wisdom , wise

                                sophisticated: 1. not in a natural, pure, or original state 2. deprived of native or original

                                             simplicity 3. a. devoid of grossness b. intellectually appealing

                                philosophy: the search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of

                                             universe and of human life

                                sophistry: subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation

-speak: used to form esp. nonce words denoting a particular kind of jargon

                              architectspeak

                              Californiaspeak

sten-, steno-: close, narrow, little

                              stenobathic: living within narrow limits of depth

                              stenographer: a writer of shorthand

                              stenothermal: capable of surviving over only a narrow range of temperature

sub- : under , bellow, less important or powerful

                                subway: an underground way

                                subcommittee: a subdivision of a committee usually organized for a specific purpose

super- : above

superior: situated higher up : upper : greater, higher, over, overlying, superincumbent,

                                             superjacent

superpower: excessive or superior power

superfluous:1.exceeding what is sufficient or necessary : extra 2. not needed :unnecessary

tax , tact : arrange , order

                                tactical: of or relating to (combat)  tactics

                                taxidermy: the art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals and especially

                                             vertebrates

tele, tel : far , distant

teleprompter: used for a device for unrolling a magnified script in front of a speaker on

                                             television    

television

                             telekinesis: the production of motion in objects (as by a spiritualistic medium) without

                                             contact or other physical means

tempor : time

                                temporary: lasting for a limited time: ad interim, interim, pro tem, pro tempore

                                contemporary: happening, existing, living, or coming into being during the same period of

                                             time

theo : relating to god

                             theology: the study of religious faith, practice, and experience

therm , thermo :  relating to heat

                             thermostat: an automatic device for regulating temperature

                             thermometer: an automatic device for regulating temperature

thesis, thet : set, place, put

                               hypothesis: an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument

                                synthesis: the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole

                                thesis: a statement or theory supported by arguments

                                epithet: an adjective or phrase, esp. one used to describe the character or most important

                                             quality of sb\ sth, ex. Peter the Great

tract: draw , pull

                                retract: 1.to draw back or in 2. take back, withdraw

                                contract: a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties

                                tractable: 1.capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled : docile 2. easily handled,

                                             managed, or wrought : malleable

                                traction:1. the act of drawing : the state of being drawn 2. the drawing of a vehicle by motive

                                             power

trans- : 1.across, beyond  (with adjectives) 2.into another place or state  (with verbs)

transcontinental: extending or going across a continent

transcend: to be or go beyond the normal limits; beat, best, better, exceed, excel, outdo,

                                             outshine, outstrip, top

transgress: to go beyond limits set or prescribed by : violate

transplant: to remove from one place or context and settle or introduce elsewhere : relocate

transform: to change in composition or structure

transpose: to change in form or nature : transform 2.translate 3. to transfer from one place

                                             or period to another 4. to change the relative place or normal order of : alter the   

                                             sequence of

tri-: three

                             tricolor: 1.a flag of three colors arranged in equal horizontal or vertical bands ( ex. the

                                             French tricolor )2 : a tricolor animal; especially : a tricolor dog

                             tricycle: a 3-wheeled vehicle propelled by pedals or a motor

                             trigraph: 1.three letters spelling a single consonant, vowel, or diphthong ( ex.eau of beau is

                                             a trigraph )2 : a cluster of three successive letters ( ex.the, ion, and ing are high f

                                             requency trigraphs )

                             trisect: to divide into three usually equal parts

                             triweekly: a triweekly publication

                             trimonthly: a trimonthly publication

ultra- :  1.beyond a specific limit  2.extremely:                                   

                             ultraviolet: situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end

                             ultra-filtration: filtration through a medium which allows small molecules to pass holds back

                                             larger ones                                             

                             ultra-mountain: of or relating to people or countries beyond the mountains

und : wave , flow

                                inundate: 1.to cover with a flood : overflow 2. overwhelm

uni : one

                                unilateral: done or undertaken by one person or party

                                unification: the act, process, or result of unifying : the state of being unified

                                united: made one : combined

vene , vent : come , go

                                intervene: 1.to occur, fall, or come between points of time or events : intercede, interfere,

                                             intermediate, mediate, step in

                                convene:1. to summon before a tribunal 2. to cause to assemble          

                             circumvent:  to hem in : to make a circuit around

                                ventilation: 1.the act or process of ventilating  2. a system or means of providing fresh air

ver , vera , veri : true , truth

                                aver: 1. to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause 2. to declare positively

                                verdict: the finding or decision of a jury on the matter submitted to it in trial 2. opinion,

                                             judgment

                                verify: to confirm or substantiate in law by oath 2. to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality

                                             of

                                verity: the quality or state of being true or real

vert , vers : turn

                                avert: to turn away or aside (as the eyes) in avoidance

                                convert: to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another

                                revert: to come or go back (as to a former condition, period, or subject)

                                reverse: opposite or contrary to a previous or normal condition

                                perverse: turned away from what is right or good : corrupt

                                pervert: 1. to turn sth away from its proper  nature or use 2. to make sb, their mind, etc turn

                                             away from what is considered right or natural

                             transverse: lying or acting across sth

vice- : next in rank below the most important person

                             vice-president

                             vice-chancellor

                             vice-consul

vid , vis :  see , look , sight

                             envision: to picture to oneself ; conceive, envisage, fancy, feature, image, imagine, realize,

                                             vision, visualize

                                improvise: to compose, recite, play, or sing extemporaneously ; ad-lib, extempore

                             invisible: incapable by nature of being seen, inaccessible to view : hidden ; impalpable,

                                             imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, insensible, unapparent,              

                                             unappreciable, unobservable, unperceivable

                                video: being, relating to, or used in the transmission or reception of the television image

                                             compare audio

                                visual: of, relating to, or used in vision,  attained or maintained by sight

                                revise: to look over again in order to correct or improve

voc , vok : call

                             provoke: to arouse to a feeling or action

                                invoke: 1. to use sth or sb as an authority for doing or arguing sth 2. to ask, call, beg, or pray

                                             for sth ; appeal, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, importune, plead, pray,

                                             supplicate

                                revoke: to annul by recalling or taking back

                                evoke: to call forth or up

volve , volu : roll , turn

                             involve: to have or include sth or sb as a part, an element, a condition, or a result

                                revolve: to move around sth in circle ; circle, circumduct, gyrate, gyre, roll, rotate

                                revolution: an attempt to change the system of a government, esp. by force

                                evolution: evolvement, development, flowering, growth, progress, progression, unfolding,

                                             upgrowth

kilo-: thousand

                             kiloton

                             kilogram

                             kilobyte

-kin: little

                             catkin

                             babykins

kinet, kineto: movement, motion

                             kinetosome:  basal body

                             kinetics: a branch of science that deals with the effects of forces upon the motions

                                             of material bodies or with changes in a physical or chemical system

                             kineticist: a specialist in kinetics

-lalia: speech disorder

                             echolalia: a pathological repetition of what is said by other people as if echoing them

-latry: worship

                             heliolatry: sun worship

lateral : side

                             collateral: accompanying as secondary or subordinate : concomitant b : indirect c : serving

                                             to support or reinforce

                             equilateral: having all sides equal

                             multilateral: having many sides

                             quadrilateral: a polygon of four sides

leuc-, leuco-,leuk-, leuko- :  white, colorless

                             leukemia: an acute or chronic disease in humans and other warm blooded animals

                                             characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the             

                                             tissues and often in the blood  

                             leukocyte: white blood cell

                             leukodystrophy: any of several genetically determined disease characterized by

                                             degeneration of the white matter of the brain

                             leukopenia: a condition in which the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is

                                             abnormally low

lev, levo : to the left

                             levorotatory: turning to the left counterclockwise

lign-, ligni-, lingo-: wood

                             ligneous: of or resembling wood

                             lignify: to convert into wood or woody tissue

-like: resembling or characteristic of

                             bell-like

                             lady-like

lingua: tongue, language (see lingo)

                             linguist: 1. a person who speaks several languages 2. one who is specialized in linguistics

                             bilingual: a person who speaks two languages

                             multilingual: one who speaks several languages

-lite: a. mineral

                             rhodolite: a pink or purple garnet used as a gem

         b. rock:

                             aerolite: a stony meteorite

         c. fossil

                             stromatolite:  a laminated sedimentary fossil formed from layers of blue-green algae  

litera : letter

                             alliteration: the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring

                                             words or syllables (as wild and woolly, threatening throngs)

                             literacy: the quality or state of being literate

                             literate: educated, cultured b : able to read and write

lingo : a (foreign) language

                             lingual: of the tongue

                             linguistic: of, or relating to language or linguistics

lith: stone

                             lithology: the study of rock

                             monolith: a single great stone often in the form of an obelisk or column

                             lithify: petrify

                             lithotomy: the breaking of a stone of the  urinary bladder for removal of a stone

                             Neolithic: of or relating to the latest period of the stone age characterized by polished stone

                                             implements

-livered: expressing vigor or courage considered suggestive of one with (such) a liver

                             chicken-livered: fainthearted, cowardly

                             lily-livered: lacking courage : cowardly

-log, -logo: word, thought, speech

                             logogram: a letter, symbol, or sign used to represent an entire word

                             logorrhea: excessive and often incoherent talkativeness or wordiness

log , logy : speech , word , study

                             archeology: 1.the scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics, artifacts, and

                                             monuments) of past human life and activities 2 : remains of the culture of a

                                             people : antiquities

                             astrology: the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human

                                             affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects

luc , lum: light                                                                                                                                                                                           

                             elucidate: to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis

                             lucid: 1.a : suffused with light : luminous b : translucent  2. having full use of one's faculties :

                                             sane 3. clear to the understanding : intelligible

                             luminary: 1. a person of prominence or brilliant achievement 2 : a body that gives light;

                                             especially : one of the celestial bodies                           

                             luminous: emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or glowing light 2. apprehensible,

                                             comprehendible, comprehensible, fathomable, graspable, intelligible, knowable,

                                             lucid, understandable

                             translucent: clear, limpid, pellucid, see-through, transparent

                             bioluminescence : the emission of light    from living organisms from

Luso-: of Lusitania (ancient region corresponding approximately to modern Portugal) 

                             Luso-Brazilian

macro- : large

                             macrocosm: the great world : universe    

                             macroeconomics: a study of economics in terms of whole systems especially with

                                             reference to general levels of output and income and to the interrelations among

                                             sectors of the economy

mal- : 1. bad(ly)

                             malpractice: careless , illegal or unacceptable behavior by sb in a professional or official

                                             position

                             malodorous: having an unpleasant smell

           2. abnormal(ly)

                             malformation: the state of being badly formed or shaped

           3. inadequate(ly):

                             maladjusted: unable to adapt to the demands of a social environment and behave in an

                                             acceptable way

                             malnutrition: condition resulting from a  lack of food or the right type of food

mania :  madness , insane impulse

                             kleptomania: a persistent neurotic impulse to steal especially without economic motive

                             mania: 1. excitement manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of

                                             behavior, and elevation of mood 2. excessive or unreasonable enthusiasm (ex. a

                                             mania for saving things); also : the object of such enthusiasm

                             pyromania: an irresistible impulse to start fires

                             megalomania: 1.a mania for great or grandiose performance 2. a delusional mental

                                             disorder that is marked by infantile feelings of personal omnipotence and

                                             grandeur

man , manu : hand

                             emancipate: to free from restraint, control, or the power of another ; discharge, liberate,

                                             loose, loosen, manumit, release, unbind, unchain, unshackle

                             manacle: a shackle for the hand or wrist : handcuff

                             mandate: an authoritative command; behest, bidding, charge, command, dictate,

                                             injunction, order,  word                 

                             manipulate:1.to treat or operate with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a

                                             skillful manner 2 a : to manage or utilize skillfully b : to control or play upon by

                                             artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to one's own advantage

                             manual: 1. of, relating to, or involving the hands 2. worked or done by hand and not by

                                             machine

                             manuscript: written by hand or typed

mater, matri, matro : mother (see pater, patri)

                             matrimony: the union of man and woman as husband and wife : marriage

                             matricide: 1.murder of a mother by her son or daughter 2. one that murders his or her

                                             mother

                             matriarch: a female who rules or dominates a family, group, or state

                             matrilineal: relating to, based on, or tracing descent through the maternal line

                             matronymic: a name derived from that of the mother or a maternal ancestor

                             matrilineal: relating to, based on, or tracing descent through the maternal line

medi-: medical

                             medigap: supplemental health insurance that cover costs not covered by medicare

                             medicopter: see copter

                             medicolegal: of or relating to both medicine and law

                             medicare: a government program of  medical care esp. for the aged

medi : middle

                             medium: something in a middle position, a middle condition or degree : mean

                             mediocre: of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance : ordinary, so-so

                             median: a medial part

                             mediate: 1.occupying a middle position 2. acting through an intervening agency

meg-, mega-: large, million

                             megahit: sth. that is extremely successful

                             megalopolis: a very large city

                             megalomania: a delusional mental disorder that is marked by infantile feelings of personal

                                             omnipotence and grandeur

                             megaproject: a major project or undertaking

melan_, melano-:  dark, black

                             melanic: a melanic individual

                             melancholy: 1.dismal  2. depressed in sprits, dejected, sad

                             melancholia: a mental condition characterized by extreme depression 

meta- , met- : beyond, along with

                             metaphysics: the branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and

                                             knowledge

                             metalanguage: the words used in talking about or describing  language or a language

meta- : of change

                             metamorphosis: 1.change of physical form, structure, or substance especially by

                                             supernatural means 2. a striking alteration in appearance, character, or

                                             circumstances3. a marked and more or less abrupt developmental change in the

                                             form or structure of an animal

                             metabolism: the chemical processes in plants or animals that change food, minerals, etc

                                             into living matter and produce energy

micro- : very small

                             microcosm: 1.a little world ( esp. the human race or human nature seen as an

                                             epitome of the world or the universe) 2. a community or other unity that is an

                                             epitome of a larger unity

                             microchip: integrated circuit

                             microinjection: injection under the microscope (esp. injection into tissues by means of a

                                             fine mechanically controlled capillary tube)

mini-: smaller or briefer than usual, normal, or standard

                             minivan: a small van

                             minibike: a small bike

                             minimal:  relating to or being minimum    

                             ministate: a small independent nation                   

mis- : bad, badly

                                misfortune: adversity, contretemps, mischance, mishap, tragedy

                                misbehave: : to behave badly or in an unacceptable way

mit , mis : send

                             transmit: to send or convey from one person or place to another : forward

                             mission: a continuing task or responsibility that one is destined or fitted to do or specially

                                             called upon to undertake

                             missionary: relating to, engaged in, or devoted to missions

mono- :one, single   ( see poly- )

monolith: a single great stone often in the form of an obelisk or column

monopoly: exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted

                                             action

monotonous: 1.uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone : marked by a sameness of pitch

                                             and intensity 2 : tediously uniform or unvarying

monogamy: 1.the state or custom of being married to one person at a time 2. the condition

                                             or practice of having a single mate during a period of time

monorail: a single rail serving as a track for a wheeled vehicle

multi : many (compare with mono-)

                             multilingual: 1.of, containing, or expressed in several languages 2. using or able to use

                                             several languages   

                             multiplex:1.many, multiple 2. being or relating to a system of transmitting several messages

                                             or signals simultaneously on the same circuit or channel

neo-: ( combining form ) new

                             neo-Nazi

                             neo-Fascist

                             neo-imperialism

nephr, nephro : of kidney

                                                                  nephrectomy: the surgical removal of the kidney

                                                                  nephrology: a branch of medicine concerned with the kidneys

                                                                  nephrologist: a student or an expert of nephrology

                                                                  nephropathy: an abnormal state of the kidney

                                                                  nephrotoxic: poisonous to the kidney (ex: n. drugs)  

                                    neuro : nerve(s)

                             neurology: the scientific study of the nervous system

                             neurosis: a mental and emotional disorder that affects only part of the personality, is

                                             accompanied by a less distorted perception reality than in psychosis

                             neuropathy: an abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves

non-: nine

                             nonagenarian: a person whose age is in the nineties

non- : no, not

nonsense: language, conduct, or an idea that is absurd or contrary to good sense; an

                                             instance of absurd action

non-smoker: a person who does not smoke

non-stop: done, made, or held without a stop

non-resident: not residing in a particular place

non-proliferation: providing for the stoppage of proliferation (as of nuclear arms)

nom , nem : management , distribution , law

                                 agronomy: a branch of agriculture dealing with field-crop production and soil management

                                 astronomical: of or relating to astronomy

                                 economic: of, relating to, or based on the production, distribution, and consumption of

                                             goods and services ; of or relating to an economy

                                 gastronome: a lover of good food ; bon vivant, gastronomist, gourmand, gourmet

                                 nemesis: 1.one that inflicts retribution or vengeance b 2.formidable and usually victorious

                                             rival or opponent

nomen , nym : name

                             acronym: a word (as NATO, radar, or snafu) formed from the initial letter or letters of each

                                             of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term

                             anonymous: not named or identified

                             pseudonym: a fictitious name; especially : pen name

                             synonym: one of two or more words or expressions of the same language that have the

                                             same or nearly the same meaning in some or all senses

ob- : against, in the way, over

obstruct: block, choke, clog, close, congest, occlude, plug, stop, stopper

obsess: to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of

obtrude: 1.to thrust out : extrude 2 : to force or impose (as oneself or one's ideas) without

                                             warrant or request

obviate: to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action; avert,

                                             deter, forestall, forefend, preclude, rule out, stave off, ward

obliterate: 1. to make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or wearing away

                                             2 a.  to remove utterly from recognition or memory b. to remove from existence :            

                                             destroy utterly all trace indication, or significance of; black (out), blot out, cancel,

                                             delete, efface, erase,  expunge, wipe (out), x (out

oct-, octo- :  having eight of sth

                             octopus: a sea animal with a soft round body and eight long tentacles 

                             octagon: a polygon of eight angles and eight sides

                             octogenarian: a person whose age is in the eighties

omni : all

                             omnibus: 1.a usually automotive public vehicle designed to carry a large number of

                                             passengers : bus 2 : a book containing reprints of a number of works

                             omnipotent:1.often capitalized : almighty  2. having virtually unlimited authority or influence

                             omnipresent: present in all places at all times

                             omniscient: having infinite awareness, understanding, and insight                             

                             omnivorous: 1.feeding on both animal and vegetable substances 2 : avidly taking in

                                             everything as if devouring or consuming

onym , onomato :  name , word

                             acronym: a word (as NATO, radar, or snafu) formed from the initial letter or letters of each

                                             of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term

                             anonymous: not named or identified

-or : a person or thing that dose (compare –ee and –er)

                             actor: one who represents a character in a dramatic production

                             resistor: a device that has electrical resistance and that is used in an electric circuit for

                                             protection, operation, or current control

                             governor: one that governs

ornith, ornitho :  of bird

                             ornithology: a branch of zoology dealing with birds

                               ornithic: of, relating to, or characteristic of birds

1.oro :  mountain

                             orography: a branch of physical geography that deals with mountains

2.oro : mouth

                             oropharynx: the part of the pharynx that is below the soft palate and above the epiglottis

                                             and is continuous with the mouth

ortho : straight , correct

                             orthopedics: a branch of medicine concerned with the correction or prevention of skeletal

                                             deformities

                             orthography: the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage

-ous: 1.full of, abounding with, having        

                             clamorous: 1. marked by confused din or outcry : tumultuous 2.  noisily insistent

                             poisonous: mephitic, poison, toxic, toxicant, venomous, virulent

out-: more, better

                             outperform

                             outjump

                             outnumbered

                             outbid 

over- :  too much , beyond, outer , additional

                                overpopulate:  to become overly populous

                                overhang: 1. to project over 2. to project over

                                overcoat: a warm coat worn over indoor clothing

                                overtime:  time in excess of a set limit

pala(o), palae(o) : of ancient times, very old

                                                       paleobiology: a branch of paleontology concerned with the biology of fossil organisms

                                                       paleobotany: a branch of botany dealing with fossil plants

                                 paleoclimatology: a science dealing with the climate of past ages

pan , panto : all, complete

                              pandemonium: abyss, inferno, netherworld, perdition, Sheol, Tophet,  underworld

                              panacea: a remedy for all ills or difficulties : cure-all, elixir, nostrum

 pan-America: including all parts of America

 panoply: array, display, fanfare, parade, pomp, shine, show

 panorama: 1.a picture exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled before the spectator 2. a

                                             comprehensive presentation of a subject

 pandemic: occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high

                                             proportion of the population

para- , par- : beside

                              parallel: extending in the same direction, everywhere equidistant, and not meeting

pater , patri : father

                             paternity: the quality or state of being a father

                             paternalism: a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate

                                             conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well

                                             as in their relations to authority and to each other

                                paternal: 1.of or relating to a father 2. like that of a father

                                patricide: 1. one who murders his or her own father 2. the murder of one's own father

                             patriot: one who loves his or her country and supports its authority and interests  

                             patriarch: a man who is father or founder ; the oldest member or representative of a group ;

                                             a venerable old man             

                             patrimony: an estate inherited from one's father or ancestor ; birthright, heritage, heritance,

                                             inheritance, legacy

path, patho : pathological state, disease

                                pathogen: a specific causative agent  ( a virus or a bacteria) of disease

                                pathetic: 1.having a capacity to move one to either compassionate or contemptuous pity

                                             2.  marked by sorrow or melancholy : sad

                                pathogenic: causing or capable of causing disease

                                pathology: the study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and

                                             functional changes produced by them

path, pathy : feeling , suffering

                                sympathy: compassion, empathy, fellow feeling

                                telepathy: communication from one mind to another by extrasensory means                             sociopath: psychopath , a mentally ill or unstable person

                                sympathetic: feeling, showing or resulting from sympathy

                                neuropathy: an abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves

                                psychopath: a mentally ill or unstable person

ped, pedo, paed, paedo: child

                                orthopedic: of, relating to, or employed in orthopedics

                                pedagogue: teacher, schoolmaster; a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher

                                pediatrician: a specialist in pediatrics

                                pediatrics: a branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of

                                             children

                                paedogenesis: reproduction by young or larval animals : neoteny

pedi-: of feet

                             pedicure: a person who provides care for the feet, toes, and nails   

pend, pens : hang

                                append: 1.attach, affix 2 : to add as a supplement or appendix

                                appendix: 1.supplementary material usually attached at the end of a piece of writing 2. a

                                             bodily outgrowth or process

                                impending: 1. to hover threateningly : menace  2. to be about to occur

                                pendant: something suspended as an ornament

                                pending: 1.during b2 : while awaiting

penia:  deficiency

                                leukopenia: a condition in which the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is

                                             abnormally low

penta-: five

                             pentagon: a polygon of five angles and five sides

per- :  through                   

                             permeate: to diffuse through or penetrate something

                             perspire: to emit matter through the skin

                             peruse:1. to examine or consider with attention and in detail 2. to read over in an attentive

                                             or leisurely manner

phile :fond of

                                Anglophile: one who greatly admires or favors England and things English

                                bibliophile: a lover of books especially for qualities of format

philia : like , love

                                pedophilia: sexual perversion in which children are the preferred sexual object

                                philanthropy: goodwill to fellowmen

phobia : an extreme or abnormal fear of

                                xenophobia: fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or

                                             foreign

                                claustrophobia: abnormal dread of being in closed or narrow spaces

                                acrophobia: abnormal dread of being at a great height

                             photophobia: painful sensitiveness to strong light

phon : sound

                                telephone: (verb)buzz, call, phone

                                xylophone: a percussion instrument consisting of a series of wooden bars graduated in

                                             length to produce the musical scale, supported on belts of straw or felt, and

                                             sounded by striking with two small wooden hammers

                                homophone: one of two or more words pronounced alike but different in meaning or

                                             derivation or spelling (as the words to, too, and two

                                headphone: an earphone held over the ear by a band worn on the head — usually used in

                                             plural

                                earphone: a device that converts electrical energy into sound waves and is worn over or

                                             inserted into the ear

-plasia, -plasy: development, formation

                             hyperplasia: an abnormal or unusual increase in the elements composing a part

                             homoplasy:  correspondence between parts or organs acquired as the result of parallel

                                             evolution or convergence

plast :  cell

                             chromoplast: a colored plastid usually containing red or yellow pigment

pleio-, pleo-, plio-: more

                             pleiotropic: producing more than one genic effect

                             pleomorphic: able to assume different forms

                             Pliocene: of, relating to, or being the latest epoch of the Tertiary or the corresponding            

                                             system of rocks

-plex: a building divided into an often specified number of spaces

                             duplex:  a flat on tow floors

                             fourplex: a building that contains four separate apartments

                             multiplex:  a complex that houses several movie theaters                     

pnea, pnoea :  breath, breathing

                                hyperpnea: abnormally  rapid or deep breathing

                                apnoea: transient cessation of respiration

pneum, pneumo,

pneumat, pneumato :1. air, gas 2. lung 3. respiration

                                pneumothorax: a condition in which air or other gas is present in the pleural cavity and

                                             which occurs spontaneously as a result of disease or injury of lung tissue or

                                             puncture of the chest wall or is induced as a therapeutic measure to collapse the

                                             lung

                                pneumatology: the study of spiritual beings or phenomena                     

                                pneumoconiosis: a disease of the lungs caused by the habitual inhalation of irritants

                                pneumonia: a disease of the lungs characterized by inflammation and consolidation

                                             followed by resolution and caused by infection or irritants                           

                                pneumograph: an instrument for recording thoracic movements or volume change during  

                                             respiration

                                pneumatophore: 1.a muscular gas-containing sac that serves as a float on a siphonophore

                                             colony

2 : a root often functioning as a respiratory organ in a wetland plant

pod :foot

                                pleopod: an abdominal limb of a crustacean

podium, podia : foot

                                podiatry: the medical care and treatment of the human foot

polis : city

                                megalopolis: a very large city

                             metropolis: the chief or capital city of a country, state, or region

poly- : many     (see mono- )

                            polygamy: marriage in which a spouse of either sex may have more than one mate at the

                                             same time

                            polymorphous: having, assuming, or occurring in various forms, characters, or styles ( ex. a

                                             polymorphous rash)

                            polyglot: 1.one who is polyglot 2 capitalized : a book containing versions of the same text in

                                             several languages

pon , pos : put

                                depose: to remove from a throne or other high position ; dethrone, discrown, disenthrone,

                                             displace, disthrone, uncrown

                                impose: 1. to establish or bring about as if by force; decree, lay down, ordain, prescribe, set

                                             2. force

                                postpone: to put off to a later time : defer, delay, hold off, hold over, hold up, lay over,

                                             prorogue, put off, shelve, suspend

                                transpose: 1.to change in form or nature : transform 2. to render into another language,

                                             style, or manner of expression : translate 3. to transfer from one place or period

                                             to another : shift

                                superimpose: to place or lay over or above something

port : carry

                                transport: bear, buck, carry, convey, ferry,  hump, jag, lug, pack, tote

                                import: 1. to bear or convey as meaning or portent : signify 2. to bring from a foreign or

                                             external source

                                export: 1.to carry away : remove2. to carry or send (as a commodity) to some other  place

                                              (as another country)

                                purport: meaning conveyed, professed, or implied

                                report: 1.a usually detailed account or statement 2. rumor , buzz, cry, gossip,

                                             grapevine, hearsay, murmur, on-dit, rumble,  scuttlebutt, talk, tattle, tittle-tattle,

                                             whispering, word           

                                airport: a place from which aircraft operate that usually has paved

                                             runways and maintenance facilities and often serves as a

                                             terminal

                                deport: to carry away b : to send out of the country by legal deportation

port , porto :first

                                protagonist: the principal character in a literary work (as a drama or story)

                                protocol: an original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction

                                protoplasm: the organized colloidal complex of organic and inorganic substances (as

                                             proteins and water) that constitutes the living nucleus, cytoplasm, plastids, and

                                             mitochondria of the cell

                                prototype: 1.an original model on which something is patterned : archetype 2. an individual

                                             that exhibits the essential features of a later type 3. a standard or typical example

post- : after       (see pre- and ante- )

postgraduate: a student continuing formal education after graduation from high school or

                                             college

postdate: to date with a date later than that of execution

posthumous: 1.born after the death of the father 2 : published after the death of the author

                                             3 : following or occurring after death ( ex. posthumous fame)

post-mortem: done, occurring, or collected after death ( ex. postmortem tissue specimens)

                                             2.  following the event

postoperative: following a surgical operation

postpone: